Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy
the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. A matter of concern as
70% children in India suffer from it. This is an infectious disease which can start
as soon as an infant’s teeth erupt.
Causes
There are many causes of early childhood caries, which are as follows:
-
Bacteria or plaque is the major cause of tooth decay. Bacteria forms a thin, sticky
bio-film on the teeth and gums. Bacteria utilize the sugars and carbohydrates in
the food to produce acids. This demineralizes the tooth enamel.
-
Frequent intake of fermentable carbohydrates such as soda, soft drinks, formula,
milk, juice, etc increases the risk of tooth decay or dental caries. The prolonged
contact between the bacteria and sugars on the teeth results in acid production
and tooth decay.
- Poor feeding practices or habits is the reason of caries among toddlers and infants.
-
Frequent intake of sugary fluids at night is the major cause of early childhood
caries. Bacteria in plaque utilize these sugars and generates acids which cause
enamel decay exposing the softer inner tissue.
Risks
- Mother has active dental decay in the past 12 months.
- Parent from low socio-economic status and/or low health literacy
- Child has recent dental restorations.
- Child has developmental problems.
- Child has frequent snacks of sugars, cooked starch and/or sugared beverages.
-
Child has saliva-reducing factors like:
- medications (e.g. for asthma or hyperactivity).
- medical (cancer treatment) or genetic factors.
- Child uses bottle containing fluids other than water.
- Child sleeps with a bottle.
